2ZZ-3型深松培垄施肥联合作业机的设计与试验

Design and test of 2ZZ-3 type deep scarification-terrace ridge-fertilization combine intertill machine

深松培垄施肥是玉米等作物种植过程中重要的田间管理环节,具有打破犁底层,加深耕作层,改善耕层结构,提高土壤蓄水保墒、抗旱耐涝的能力。针对东北地区常年作业所导致的土壤耕层较浅、土壤板结严重以及深松阻力大的问题,结合了深松、培土和施肥等关键技术,设计一种与32.5 k W以上拖拉机相配套的可一次性完成深松培垄和追肥等多项作业的深松培垄联合作业机。以拖拉机前进速度、垄沟深松深度、培土器开角为因素,伤苗率和比阻作为评价指标,进行了三因素三水平正交试验。结果表明:各因素对伤苗率和比阻影响的主次顺序依次为深松深度、培土器开角、前进速度;因素水平上的最优组合为深松深度为25 cm,起垄犁开角为60°,前进速度为5 km/h,伤苗率均值为3.31%,比阻均值为1.97 N/cm2。经过田间试验作业性能好,各项作业指标达到了农艺要求。深松培垄同时作业减少了动力消耗,减少了工作阻力,为旱地合理耕层的构建配套机具提供了参考。

Northeast China is the most important base of commodity grain,and in this region the temperature is low,the wind is quite strong,the precipitation is quite little,and the water resource is quite deficient,so the crops face with serious problem of lack of water resource and dry soil in spring.To address the problems of shallow soil plough layer,serious soil hardening and huge resistance during deep scarification,through combining the key technologies of deep scarification,ridging and fertilization,a kind of combine operation machine was designed,which was named 2ZZ-3 deep scarification ridging fertilization combine intertill machine.This machine suspended on the tractor through the three-link hitch,and it was mainly composed of up hitch,low hitch,rack,controlling depth device,deep scarification and ridging device,fertilization and ditching device.In the process of the work,it could finish the deep scarification,ridging and fertilization at the same time.The machine used the cutting disc to cut the soil block because of the serious hardened and impervious soil.The controlling depth wheel could ensure not to destroy the seedling attributed to the distance between rack and ground,and the fertilizer reached the fertilization shovel cross the fertilization apparatus to finish the fertilization.Finally,the deep scarification and ridging device finished the deep scarification and soil ridging in the furrow.The deep scarification shovel was chisel-tooth shovel; its breaking soil ability was strong,and it suffered low working resistance.Both the controlling depth device and the ripping device could make adjustment during the actual working status in the field.Through the field test of 2ZZ-3 deep scarification ridging fertilization combine intertill machine,the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out with setting the tractor forward velocity,deep scarification depth and hiller opening angle as the factor,and the injuring rate and soil specific resistance as the evaluation index.The results showed that the importance order of all the factors which influenced the injuring rate and soil specific resistance was deep scarification depth,hiller opening angle and tractor forward velocity.When the deep scarification depth was 25 cm,the hiller opening angle was 60° and the tractor forward velocity was 5 km/h,the machine would reach the optimal combination,and the injuring rate average was 3.31% and the soil specific resistance average was 1.97 N/cm2.Through the field test,the working performance of the machine was perfect,all the indices reached the agriculture machine and agronomic requirement,and deep scarification and ridging links were working at the same time,which reduced the power consummation and working resistance.The research provides the reference for the construction of matching implements for reasonable plough layer of dry land of brown soil zone in Northeast Plain.