孤独症谱系障碍与语言发育迟缓儿童的共同注意力比较

Comparison of joint attention between autism spectrum disorder and language retardation children Chen

目的:比较分析孤独症谱系障碍及智力落后引起的语言发育迟缓两类儿童的共同注意能力。方法:选择符合标准的31名孤独症谱系障碍儿童、21名语言发育迟缓儿童及7名正常发育儿童进行早期社会交流量表检测及Gesell发展诊断量表评估。结果:与正常组相比,孤独症谱系障碍组在各个低水平及高水平回应性和自发性共同注意力指标上均存在差异(P<0.05),语言发育迟缓组在眼神接触、高水平自发性共同注意力指标上存在差异(P<0.05)。孤独症谱系障碍组与语言发育迟缓组在注视交替、指示、展示、低水平及高水平的回应性共同注意力指标上存在差异(P<0.05)。此外,跟随远距离指示、注视交替及指示能力是孤独症谱系障碍组及语言发育迟缓组共同注意力相对独立的差异项。结论:孤独症谱系障碍儿童在高水平与低水平的回应性及自发性共同注意力方面均存在明显的缺陷,而语言发育迟缓儿童主要在眼神接触的行为上缺陷明显。跟随远距离指示能力、注视交替能力及指示能力是判别孤独症谱系障碍与智力落后引起的语言发育迟缓儿童的相对独立差异项,临床上可以借此对以上两类儿童做初步的区分。

Objective：To compare and analyze the characteristics about joint attention of autism spectrum disorder and language retardation children.Methods：Thirty-one children with autism spectrum disorders,21 children with language retardation and 7 normal children were recruited.Using Early Social Communication Scale （ESCS）and De-velopment and Diagnosis Scale of Gesell,the joint attention ability and developmental age of all subjects were as-sessed.Result：There was significant difference between normal group and autism group in the index of Low Level and High Level Responding and Initiating Joint Attention abilities （P 〈0.05）,and there was significant difference between normal group and language retardation group in the index of Eye Contact and High Level of Initiating Joint Attention abilities （P 〈0.05）.Between language retardation group and autism group,there was significant differ-ence in the index of Eye Contact,Point,Show,Low and High Level Responding Joint Attention abilities （P 〈0.05）.Additionally,the abilities of High Level Responding Joint Attention,Alternate and Point were the independ-ent differences projects of autism group and language retardation group.Conclusion：Children with autism spectrum disorder are significantly flawed in Low Level and High Level Responding and Initiating Joint Attention abilities, while language retardation children are mainly flawed in Eye Contact ability.In addition,the abilities of High Level Responding Joint Attention,Alternate and Point are the independent differences projects of autism group and lan-guage retardation group.Therefore,we may use them to distinguish these two kinds of children preliminarily in clinical practice.