1973—2015年珠江口海域岸线和围填海变化分析

Change Analysis of Coastline and Sea Reclamation in Pearl River Estuary from 1973 to 2015

珠江口海域是中国经济增长的核心区域之一。本文基于1973—2015年间的6景代表性卫星遥感数据对珠江口海域的岸线和围填海变化进行了分析。结果表明,从1973年至2015年间,珠江口海域的岸线总长度由240.09km增长至403.05km,其中大陆岸线由186.87km增长至238.95km,海岛岸线由53.22km增长至164.10km,海岛岸线的增长速度显著快于同时期大陆岸线的增长速度。同期内珠江口海域的围填海总面积增加了27 286.68ha。1978年改革开放前珠江口海域的岸线和围填海区域的增长较为缓慢;1978年改革开放后至2002年《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》实施前,为岸线和围填海区域的快速扩张期;2002年之后,在《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》和《广东省海洋功能区划》(2008年)的双重管制和约束下,该区域岸线和围填海增长总量及对应的年均增长速度均呈明显下降趋势。

The Pearl River Estuary is one of the core regions in China economic growth.This article uses 6typical images in Pearl River Estuary from 1973 to 2015to make change analysis for coastline and sea reclamation.The result indicates that from 1973 to 2015,the total coastline in Pearl River Estuary increases from 240.09 km to 403.05 km,in which mainland coastline increases from 186.87 km to 238.95 km,island coastline increases from 53.22 km to 164.10 km,and the growth in island coastline is faster than mainland coastline at the same time.Also the sea reclamation area increases to 27286.68 ha.Before reform and opening-up in 1978,the coastline and sea reclamation increase slowly.From 1978 to the implementation of《The people＇s Republic of China Sea Use Management Law》in 2002,the coastline and sea reclamation increase quickly.After 2002,in the double control and restraint of《The people＇s Republic of China Sea Use Management Law》and《Guangdong Province Marine Function Zonation》（2008）,the total amount and corresponding average annual of coastline and sea reclamation show a clear downward trend for both.