外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的研究进展

Advanced research on exosome in the regulation of tumor metastasis

恶性肿瘤是当今时代威胁人类健康的头号杀手。肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤的主要特征,是癌症治疗失败和癌症患者死亡的首要原因,其分子机制复杂,涉及多步骤、多阶段、多基因的变化。外泌体是由活细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡小体,其内含有丰富的蛋白质、miRNA、lncRNA等成分,可在细胞间转运从而调节细胞的生物学功能。研究显示外泌体与肿瘤的转移密切相关,可通过促进肿瘤血管生成,影响肿瘤转移前微环境形成,调节机体免疫功能等方式调控肿瘤转移。本文将从外泌体主要成分入手对外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的最新研究进展进行综述。

Malignant tumor is the biggest threat to human health. Metastasis,the most prominent feature of malignant tumors,is the main cause of cancer treatment failure and death in cancer patients. Its molecular mechanism is complex, involving multiple steps, multi stages, multi gene changes. Exosome is nano-scale vesicles secreted by living cells,which are rich in protein, nucleic acid and other components,and can be transported between cells and regulate the biological function of the cell. Studies have shown that the exosome can regulate tumor metastasis,by promoting the formation of tumor angiogenesis, the formation of mieroenvironment before tumor metastasis and regulating the immune function of the body and etc. In this review, we summarized the newly updated data about the main components of exosome in the regulation of tumor metastasis.