护理人员职业倦怠相关因素的研究进展

Research Progress on Related Factors of Nurses' Job Burnout

职业倦怠(Job Burnout)是一种情绪衰竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低、心理能量在长期奉献给别人的过程中被索取过多而产生极度的心身疲惫和情感耗竭的综合征。护理人员是临床健康服务的主要提供者,必须经常面对病人、家属、医生及其他的健康工作者,这些复杂的人际关系都会导致工作压力的产生。近年来护士离职率在逐年增加,职业倦怠情况亦趋严重。有调查结果显示,医护工作人员是职业倦怠高发人群。为评估和认识护理职业倦怠,保障护士的身心健康,降低护理行业的离职率,提高护理人才队伍的稳定性,本文将护理人员职业倦怠的相关因素进行综述。护理人员职业倦怠相关因素大致可以归纳为3类:生活质量、工作环境、自身因素。

Job burnout is a kind of emotional exhaustion, in which people are depersonalizd and personal accom plishment feeling is reduced, and the psychological energy in the long dedication to others has extreme physicaland mental fatigue. Nurses are the major providers of clinical health services, and must often face to patients, family members, doctors and other health workers. These complex relationships will lead to work stress. In recent years, the wastage rate of nurses has increased year by year, and the situation of job burnout has become more and more serious. Recent survey results showed that health care workers are at high incidence of occupational burnout. For assessing and understanding the nursing job burnout, keep- ing the nurses＇ physical and mental health, reducing the turnover rate of the nursing profession, improving the stability of nursing team, In this paper, we reviewed the related psychosocial factors of burnout of nursing staff. The related factors of job burnout of nurses can be classified into 3 categories ： quality of life, workin~ environment, self factors.