铝电解槽节能技术的深度剖析研究

Depth Profiling and Research on Energy Saving Technology of Aluminum Electrolytic Cell

铝电解槽节能的基本原理就是降低电解槽运行电压U和提高电流效率η。一般状态下获得较低电解槽电压的方法是通过电解槽母线优化配置获得小于5Gs的Bzave,但是研究发现,在采取通用母线配置方法获得小于5Gs的Bzave的条件下,电解槽的磁流体流速却较快,对炉帮的冲刷大而存在漏槽风险。在流速满足设计要求的条件下,Bzave值又难以满足小于5Gs的磁流体高稳定技术条件。本文深度剖析直流电耗达到12 000 k Wh/t.Al以下所采取的更进一步提高电解槽稳定性——抑制铝液层水平电流、曲面阴极降低流速、槽内衬保温匹配低电压等节能技术以及提高电流效率——氧化铝质量、电解质成分控制的关键技术问题。并对电解槽深度节能问题进行分析和探讨。

The basic principle for energy saving of aluminum electrolytic cell is reducing the operation voltage U of electrolytic cell and increasing the current efficiency η. Under the general status, the method for obtaining of the lower electrolytic cell voltage is optimizing configuration of electrolytic cell＇s bus to obtain the Bzave less than 5 Gs, but research found that under the above mentioned method, the magnetic fluid flow velocity of electrolytic cell is fast, which has strong scouring to the hearth and it can lead to leakage risk. So under the condition of fulfilling of the design requirements, Bzave value cannot meet the technical condition that high stable magnetic fluid flow small than 5Gs. The depth profiling for the methods of further more increasing the electrolytic cell stability when DC consumption reach to 12000kWh/t. AI, the methods are： inhibition of the horizontal current of liquid aluminum layer, inhibition of the curved surface cathode, so that the flow velocity can be decreased, the low voltage of the cell lining is adopted for heat preservation, and the other energy saving tech- nologies, as well as the critical technical issues for increasing the current efficiency, the alumina quality and the composition controlling of the electrolyte. The analysis and discussion in-depth of energy - saving are carded out.