2015年全球土地利用现状分析及启示

2015 Global Land Use Situation Analysis and Its Enlightenment

本文以数据为基础,对近十年来世界及主要国家土地利用现状进行系统分析,总结出全球土地利用的五大趋势:一是耕地面积普遍减少,土壤恶化严重;二是森林面积逐年减少,下降速度明显减缓;三是土地城市化快于人口城市化,城市人口密度总体下降;四是土地利用效益提升,地均GDP和粮食单产普遍提高;五是跨国土地交易活跃,引起国际社会普遍关注。通过对以上问题的分析和国内外对比,提出未来我国应加强土地领域国际合作,从人类长远利益出发,合理开发利用土地资源,保护好生态环境,推动我国乃至全球粮食安全、生态安全和可持续发展。

Based on the data, this paper has analyzed the global land use situation in the world and main countries over the past decades, and summarized the five trends of global land use： Firstly, the arable land is generally decreasing, with serious deterioration of soil; secondly, the forest area is reducing year by year, but the falling speed slows down clearly; thirdly, land urbanization is faster than population urbanization, and the urban population density has overall declined; fourthly, the land use benefit to both GDP and per unit area yield of grain is generally improved; fifthly, the international land transactions are active, drawing widespread attention from the international society. By the analysis and comparison of domestic and foreign circumstances concerning the above problems, this paper puts forward, in the future, our country should strengthen the international cooperation in the field of land use, from the long-term interests of mankind, reasonable exploitation and utilization of land resources, protect the ecological environment and sustainable development and food security in China, even the whole world.