农村土地整治创新模式思考——基于重庆“先建后补”土地整治项目的启示

Thinking of the Innovative Pattern of Rural Land Consolidation:Based on the "First Consolidation,Then Subsidy" Project in Chongqing

基于实地走访、座谈、问卷调查,对重庆"先建后补"土地整治实施模式的基本做法、取得的成效与经验进行了分析,在此基础上对比现行制度,提出了改进完善农村土地整治实施模式的制度建议。研究结果认为:重庆市开展的"先建后补"土地整治项目,增加了有效耕地面积,改善了耕作条件,提高了土地利用率与产出率,有利于农业机械化作业、产业结构调整和规模经营,促进了农民增收、农业增效,激发了多元主体参与土地整治的积极性与主动性。但需进一步强化土地整治的市场多元化运作模式,建立适应农业规模化、产业化发展需求的多元化项目选择机制;科学界定政府与市场作用,优化项目组织模式,简化项目管理程序;加快土地整治"先建后补"实施办法和补助标准研究;创新统筹权益、责任、目标"三位一体"的投融资机制,鼓励与引导企业、社会团体、农民等不同土地整治主体投资土地整治项目。

The purpose of the paper is to summarize the successful experiences of the ＂first consolidation, then subsidy＂ project in Chongqing and provide implications for current land consolidation and high quality primary farmland project in rural China. Methods of individually interviewing, organizing small workshops, deduction, and institutional comparison are used. The results indicated that the practice of the so-called ＂first consolidation, then subsidy＂ project has increased effective arable land area, improved the farming conditions, land utilization and output, enhanced the use of modern machine in agriculture, accelerated the industrial restructuring and shifted the production into a large-scale model, which are all beneficial to farmers＇ income and agricultural productivity. The project has inspired the enthusiasm and initiative of multivariate participation in land consolidation, and concluded that the ＂first consolidation, then subsidy＂ project provides an effective model for the ongoing high-quality primary farmland projects in China.