人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肺损伤

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute lung injury

背景：研究发现，人脐带间充质干细胞可通过减轻炎症损害改善肺通气功能.目的：观察人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肺损伤的效果.方法：将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组，正常组不做任何处理；模型组、实验组通过向气管内滴注脂多糖建立急性肺损伤模型，成功造模1 h 后，实验组于气管内滴注第4代人脐带间充质干细胞悬液0.1 mL（含细胞1×10^6），正常组及模型组气管内滴注等量生理盐水。细胞移植后24 h，检测血清中白细胞介素1、白细胞介素8水平，苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠肺组织病理改变，检测大鼠肺组织干湿质量比。 结果与结论：①与正常组比较，模型组白细胞介素1、白细胞介素8水平及肺组织干湿质量比显著升高（P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，实验组白细胞介素1、白细胞介素8水平及肺组织干湿质量比显著降低（P＜0.05）；②正常组肺泡腔结构清晰，肺泡间隔完整；模型组肺泡间隔明显增厚，肺毛细血管出现充血、水肿，肺毛细血管及肺泡腔可见大量炎性细胞浸润，部分肺泡内可见有富含蛋白质的水肿液，肺泡腔内广泛透明膜形成；实验组肺泡结构基本清晰，肺泡间隔较厚，肺间质内有红细胞及少量炎性细胞浸润漏出；③结果表明，人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肺损伤，可降低炎症因子水平、减轻肺损伤。

BACKGROUND：Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s can improve pulmonary ventilation function by reducing inflammations. OBJECTIVE：To observe the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on acute lung injury. METHODS：Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal group, model group and experimental group. Rats in the latter two groups were used to establish animal models of acute lung injury by intratracheal instil ation of lipopolysaccharide. One hour after modeling, rats in the experimental group were intratracheal y administered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel suspension （0.1 mL, 1×10^6 cel s）, and those in the other two groups were given normal saline in the same dose intratracheal y. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining;the wet and dry weight ratio of the lung tissue and the levels of serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-8 were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Compared with the normal group, the wet and dry weight ratio of the lung tissue and the levels of serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-8 were significantly increased in the model group （P〈0.05）, while compared with the model group, these levels were significantly decreased in the experimental group （P〈0.05）. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed clear alveolar space structure with complete alveolar septum in the normal group. In the model group, the alveolar septum was markedly thickened, and there was visible pulmonary capil ary hyperemia, edema, as wel as a large amount of inflammatory cel infiltrations in the pulmonary capil aries and alveolar space. Edema fluid rich in proteins was observed in a part of the pulmonary alveoli, and an extensive transparent membrane formed in the alveolar space. In the experimental group, the alveolar structure was clear, but the alveolar septum became thickened, and red blood cel s and a smal amount of infiltrated inflammatory cel s were leaked from the pulmonary interstitial tissue. In conclusion, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for treatment of acute lung injury can reduce inflammatory factor levels and al eviate lung injury.