文化记忆理论视角下的日本端午节“药猎”习俗形成探析

An Analysis of the Formation of “Herb Hunting”in Japanese Dragon Boat Festival from the Perspective of Cultural Memory Theory

"药猎"是日本端午文化的初始形态,指日本贵族采草药和猎取鹿茸的活动。"药猎"作为一种端午仪式,属于文化记忆的一种,它不是自行生成,而是目标极为明确的记忆政策努力和干预的结果。其"药"元素深受中国端午节采百草习俗和道教神仙思想的影响,反映了日本贵族渴求轻身、长寿的愿望。而"猎"元素则受到中国和朝鲜半岛的双重影响。对其的摄取直接反映了日本民族对尚武精神的偏重及皇族巩固王权统治的意图。由此可见,日本最初的端午文化是一个多元文化的混合体。德国学者扬·阿斯曼的文化记忆理论可以用来分析日本端午文化"药猎"产生的原因与过程以及日本的文化记忆模式。

＂Herb hunting＂ is the initial form of the Japanese Dragon Boat culture, which refers to the Japanese aristocracy gathering herbs and hunting activities. As a Dragon Boat Festival ceremony, ＂herb hunting＂ belongs to a kind of cultural memory, it is not self - generated, but the goal is very clear memory of policy efforts and intervention affect the results. The ＂herb＂ element is influenced by China Dragon Boat Festival customs and Baicao immortal Taoism, which reflects the Japanese noble＇ s desire for a light and long life. The ＂hunting＂ element is influenced by the Chinese and the Korean Peninsula, which directly reflects the emphasis and the royal family of the warrior spirit of the Japa- nese nation to consolidate the intention of kingship. Thus, Japan＇ s first dragon boat culture is a mix- ture of multi culture. The German scholar Jan Assmann＇ s theory of cultural memory can be used to analyze the Japanese Dragon Culture ＂herb hunting＂ causes and Japanese cultural memory model.