如何通过集体协商达成社区公共品的合作治理——以蛇口翠竹园小区加装电梯为例

How to Obtain Collaborative Governance of Community Public Goods through Collective Bargaining: Adding Elevators to Existing Residential Buildings at a Shekou Community

城市既有多层住宅楼建造时多未装电梯,随着住户年龄增长,上下楼梯极不方便,加装电梯成了这部分住户的"刚需"。面对政府各部门的政策限制和各楼层住户之间协商的重重困难,在主流经济学理论框架下选择"搭便车(free-ride)"而非合作是纳什均衡。但是现实中观察到蛇口翠竹园5栋住户历经集体协商数十次、前后奔走三年多,成为深圳老旧住宅加装电梯的首个成功案例。以理论与现实的反差为切入口,在实地调研和访谈的基础上,尝试解释这些住户们如何通过自愿的集体协商、通过各种利益补偿,形成一致契约,达成合作治理,使得原本理论上无解的问题出现了新的转机,为此类城市社区公共品的业主自发协商、自愿供给提供一种可行路径。

Not every high-rise residential building is equipped with elevators in the first place. As residents are getting older, going up and down becomes a huge problem for them and these people are in rigid demand for elevators. Due to limitations of government policies and difficulties in getting all the residents approvals for the additional installation, free-ride instead of collaboration become the Nash equilibrium under the framework of mainstream economic theories. But the case of Shekou＇s Cuizuyuan residential community has proved feasible after three years of collective bargaining among residents of five buildings and has become the first successful case of this kind in Shenzhen. Focusing on the gap between theory and practice and based on field research and interviews, the paper tries to explain how the agreement was reached through voluntary collective bargaining and benefit compensation. This successful experience also provide a reference for the collaborative governance of similar community public goods.