中国马铃薯主要审定品种系谱分析和细胞质分型研究

Analysis of Genetic Relationship and Cytoplasm Type on Potato Cultivars in China

通过对中国436个马铃薯审定品种的系谱分析发现,马铃薯祖先亲本中‘疫不加’、‘竹板’、‘工业’、‘兰芽’和‘早玫瑰’应为第1代亲本,而其衍生系如‘男爵’、‘胜利’、‘燕子’、‘白头翁’、‘米拉’、‘多子白’、‘卡它丁’和‘小叶子’应为第2代亲本。在审定的436个品种中,自行选育的379个品种涉及423个亲本,分别来源于国内品种、国内品系、地方品种、新型栽培种、北美资源、欧洲资源、CIP资源和其他,共8类,且其相应的核遗传贡献分别为97.5、107、10.5、16、27.5、71、33和16.5,表明国内品种和国内品系一直是贡献最大的类型,而地方品种主要以母本为主,外来资源如新型栽培种、欧洲资源和北美资源多以父本为主。为进一步验证其准确性,利用多重引物系统,对278份国内育成品种(品系)和330份国外育成品种(品系)进行了细胞质分型。结果表明,T型和D型为主要细胞质类型,所占数量和比例分别为303个(49.8%)和243个(40%),其次为W、A、M和P型,分别为39(6.4%)、15(2.5%)、6(1%)和2(0.3%),但也发现部分育成品种的细胞质类型与其祖先母本不一致,未发现6种类型以外的其他细胞质类型。

Genetic relationships of potato ancestor parents worldwide were analyzed systematically，potato cultivars of‘Epoka’，‘Jubel’，‘Industrie’，‘Bintje’and‘Early Rose’were classified into parent generation 1（G1），while their derived lines，such as‘Irish Cobbler’，‘Triumph’，‘Schwalbe’，‘Anemone’，‘Mira’，‘Duozibai’，‘Katahdin’and‘Xiaoyezi’were into parent generation 2（G2）. Totally 436 potato cultivars had been authorized in China by 2012. In total 423 parents were involved in the breeding progress of 379 cultivars. They were divided into 8 groups including cultivars inland，breeding lines inland，indigenous breeds，Neo-tuberosum，materials introduced from North America，Europe，CIP and others. Their corresponding nuclear and cytoplasmic germplasm genetic contribution were 97.5，107，10.5，16，27.5，71，33 and 16.5，respectively. The results indicate that the cultivars and lines inland always play the major role in China potato breeding program. Indigenous breeds were mainly used as female parents while Neo-tuberosum ＆ materials introduced from Europe，North America etc were frequently used as male parents. Using the multiplex marker system that developed by Hosaka，the cytoplasm of 278 cultivars inland，330 foreign cultivars and lines tested were grouped into T，D，P，A，M and W type，with the respective quantity and ratio being 303（49.8%），243（40%），2（0.3%），15（2.5%），6（1%）and 39（6.4%）. No additional new types were detected. Cytoplasm types of several cultivars bred did not correspond with their umbilical ancestor（eg. Duke of York，Early Rose and Epoka），pedigree information of these potato accessions may be wrong.