气温场的云南纬度与气温关系分析

Analysis of Relationship Between Latitude and Temperature in Yunnan Province Using Temperature Fields

针对山区气象站点分布稀少、代表性不强,去除其他地形因子,仅利用气象站观测资料研究复杂山地环境中纬度对气温的影响非常困难的问题,以云南低纬高原区为研究对象,利用历史年平均气温场,结合DEM和纬度栅格数据,使用数学回归建模法,对纬度与气温的关系进行了定量研究。结果表明:1)纬变ΔLati与温变ΔT满足一元线性关系模型:ΔT=-0.942 1ΔLati+0.086 5,纬变平均变化1°,气温平均变化0.94℃,其95%可靠水平的置信区间为[0.84℃,1.04℃];2)同一海拔面上的温度TElev与纬度Lati的二次曲线关系模型为TElev=-0.246 5Lati 2+11.453Lati-117.75;3)纬向直减率的模型为:=11.453-0.493Lati。该文为研究高大山体和深切沟谷对气温场的影响,构建具有物理含义的山地温度场空间模拟模型奠定了基础。

Latitude is the main geographical factor affecting the temperature and heat distribution. It is of great significance to study the mechanism and influence of latitude to temperature pattern formation, especially in the fields of precision agriculture development, ecological and biological diversity protection, etc. In view of the problem that traditional mountain climate research techniques are difficult to access to samples in a wide range of areas,this paper took the low latitude plateau of Yunnan as the research object, and used historical annual temperature field to quantitatively analyze latitude independenteffect on air temperature. With historical weather observation data and digital elevation model, mathematical regression modeling was the main methodused to build the quantitative relationship between latitude and temperature. Conclusions are：1） Change of latitude and temperature meets the demand of the linear relation model,which is △T =-0. 942 1△Lati＋0. 086 5 . When latitude changes 1°,temperature would change 0. 94 ℃. The model has the confidence interval[0. 84℃, 1. 04 ℃] in 95% reliable level. 2）Temperature in the same elevation level TElev and latitude Lati presents good second power function relationship and its model is TElev=-0. 246 5Lati^2 ＋11. 453Lati-117.75.3） Lapse rate of latitude ∮ has a linear relationship with latitude： ∮ ： = 11. 453 - 0. 943Lati. This study provides methodological basis and scientific data supports for studying big mountain and deep valleyinfluences on temperature and simulating mountainous temperature field with physical meaning.