市场化进程中财政供养人口规模与地方政府努力水平

The Number of Government Employees and the Efforts of Local Government in the Process of Marketization

在市场化进程中，地方政府的经济行为模式由政府主导向市场主导和政府调控相结合方向转变，财政供养人口规模也随着市场化改革而发生变化。文章利用1979～2014年中国31个省、直辖市和自治区的长面板数据，考察市场化进程中财政供养人口规模、地方政府努力水平及它们之间的互动机制。实证结果显示，市场化程度提高有助于地方政府努力水平的提升，并且能够有效抑制财政供养人口规模；然而，财政供养人口规模的增长却导致一个相互矛盾的结果，即不利于地方政府经济增长，但能够提高税收收入。鉴于此，文章认为在积极推进市场化改革的同时．应确保适度的财政供养人口规模，提高地方政府的努力水平。

In the process of marketization, the local government economic behavior pattern has changed from being led by the government to being led by the market and government regulation, and the number of government employee is changing with market - oriented reforms. This paper uses panel data from 1979 to 2014 in 31 provinces, municipalities under the central government and autonomous regions, to investigate government employees, local government effort level and their interaction mechanism in the process of marketization. Empirical results show that the degree of marketization helps improve the level of local government efforts, and can effectively restrain the number of government employees. However, the increase in the number of these employees has led to a contradictory result, which is not conducive to local economic growth, but it can improve the income of tax revenue. In view of this, this paper argues that while promoting market - oriented reforms, it is necessary to ensure there is a proper number of government employees and improve the level of local government efforts.