骨骼对维持血糖稳态的作用

The regulatory role of skeleton in maintaining glucose homeostasis

骨骼是一种能够调节能量代谢的内分泌组织。传统的骨转换指标骨钙素经过脱羧后所形成的羧化不全骨钙素在糖代谢中发挥积极作用。骨骼可以通过成骨细胞上的葡萄糖转运子1摄取葡萄糖，这是成骨细胞分化和骨形成过程中必不可少的关键环节。此外发生在成骨细胞上的胰岛素抵抗同样会造成全身糖代谢紊乱。人体研究基本上支持小鼠研究的结果，但还需进行大量的前瞻性临床研究证明骨钙素和（或）其他骨转换指标预测胰岛β细胞功能和新发糖尿病的意义，以及骨钙素或其羧化不全形式是否有可能成为治疗糖尿病的药物。 本文是2016年11期Diabetes杂志上发表的综述＂骨骼对葡萄糖处理的调控：从小鼠和人体研究中得到的深入了解＂ [Diabetes，2016，65（11）：3225-3232]的中文编译。对该文的编译获得Diabetes杂志和美国糖尿病学会的授权同意。

Bone is now regarded as an endocrine organ modulating energy metabolism. Osteocalcin, which was a traditional bone remodeling marker, especially in its undercarboxylated form, was believed to be a metabolic active molecule involving in glucose homeostasis. Bone can uptake glucose through glucose transporter 1 expressed on osteoblasts, and this process is crucial for osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation. In addition, the osteoblasts specific insulin resistance may also lead to the dysregulation of whole body glucose metabolism. Clinical investigations generally echo the findings from mice studies. More work, especially prospective clinical studies are needed to prove the clinical utility of osteocalcin and/or other bone turnover parameters as solid predictors of pancreatic 13 cell function and incident diabetes, as well as the potential use of osteocalcin and/or its undercarboxylated form as an anti-diabetic agent. In the 11^th issue of Diabetes in 2016, a review paper entitled as ＂ Regulation of glucose handling by the skeleton ： Insights from mouse and human studies＂ was published [ Diabetes, 2016,65 （ 11 ） ：3225-3232]. With the permission of Diabetes and American Diabetes Association, we translated the most important part of this review into Chinese with a new title ： The regulatory role of skeleton in maintaining glucose homeostasis.