考虑乘客主观评判的地铁与公交的票价及换乘优惠率优化

Optimizing fares and transfer pricing discounts for a subway and bus corridor while considering passenger subjective evaluation

针对协同服务于同一客运走廊的地铁和公交的票价及换乘优惠率统一优化问题,提出在优化过程中引入乘客在一定出行距离上对选择某种交通方式所承担延误风险的主观评判,从而更加全面地分析出行路径上的客观条件和乘客的心理因素对乘客出行路径选择的影响.为此,本文构建一个双层规划优化模型,它的上层以社会福利最大化为目标,下层为基于弹性需求的随机用户均衡模型.这里采用遗传算法求解双层规划模型,其中下层模型应用相继平均法求解.最后通过一组算例对模型构建的合理性进行验证并应用于分析问题;结果表明:一是乘客延误风险的主观评判对其出行行为的影响具有不可忽视的作用;二是实施换乘优惠可降低乘客的换乘出行成本和提高公共交通系统的社会福利.

To improve the performance of urban multi-modal transportation systems and the conditions of daily trips, it is of great importance to investigate the integrated optimization of fares and transfer pricing discounts for subway and bus services that both serve the same passenger corridor. Generally, in modeling a passenger choice of transit modes, it is essential to take into account the passenger subjective evaluation of the delay risk due to her or his mode choice as well as the objective conditions affecting the choice of travel routes. For this purpose, a bi-level program is formulated, of which the upper level maximizes the social welfare and the lower level is a variable-demand stochastic user equilibrium assignment model. A genetic algorithm is applied to solve the bi-level program while the method of successive averages is adopted to solve the lower-level model. Finally, a series of numerical experiments is carried out to illustrate the performance and applications of the model. The results show that the effects of the passenger subjective evaluation of the delay risk on travel behavior are significant and that the implementation of transfer pricing discount can reduce the passenger transfer cost and increase the social welfare of public transit system.