戒毒心理治疗困境和策略探讨

THE DIFFICULTIES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION

目的:探究我国戒毒心理治疗面临的困难,并提出解决方法。方法:对参加全国药物成瘾多维度心理干预培训班和北京毒品成瘾心理矫治培训班的134名学员进行无记名、自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象所在单位专职心理人员平均为3.9±5.7人,专职和兼职心理人员总数平均为21.1±28.4,心理人员与戒毒人员数之比为1∶107;88.8%的调查对象参加戒毒心理培训次数为3次及以下;戒毒人员半年来接受的戒毒心理治疗时间平均为5.2小时。开展心理治疗工作的主要困难为现有人员心理干预技能不足(72.4%),心理专业人员数量不足(64.2%)等。结论:我国戒毒心理治疗面临着心理人员不足、技能缺乏、心理治疗时间不足等困境,应采取购买社会服务、加强戒毒心理治疗培训、心理康复和身体康复相结合等措施,以提高戒毒效果,降低复吸率。

Objective： To explore the difficulties of psychological rehabilitation among drug addicts in our country,and put forward some countermeasures.Methods： A series of Self-Administered Questionnaire Surveys were conducted among 134 trainees participating in the national multi-dimensional psychological intervention and Beijing drug addiction psychological treatment workshops.Results： The average number of full-time psychotherapists was 3. 9 ± 5. 7,the total number of full-time and part-time psychotherapists was 21. 1 ± 28. 4,and the ratio of psychotherapists to drug addicts is1：107; 88. 8 percent of respondents had participated in psychological treatment training for 3 times or less; The average duration of psychotherapy for drug detoxification was 5. 2 hours in the past half year.The major difficulties in psychological rehabilitation work included the lack of professional skills（72. 4%）,the shortage of professionals（64. 2%）, etc.Conclusion： The major difficulties in psychological rehabilitation of drug addicts in our country were the lack of professionals,professional skills and insufficient treatment time,which suggested that we should take integrated treatment by purchasing social services,training on psychotherapy for drug addiction,and psychological and physical rehabilitation,aiming at successful detoxification and relapse reduction.