重化工项目环境风险评价与公众风险接纳研究

Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Chemical Project and Public Risk Acceptance

使用2014年F省~①PX项目的环境和社会风险评价数据,考察了该省重化工PX项目的环境风险分配情况和普通公众对此项目的风险接纳情况。研究发现,从环境风险技术评价角度而言,该PX项目的环境风险在可接受范围内,但公众拒斥该项目。进一步分析发现,公众的风险感知、环境价值观、系统信任及风险沟通状况显著影响他们对PX项目风险的接纳。文章认为,对于重化工项目的风险管理,单纯的低环境风险告知、技术性劝说甚至政治"操纵"不但不能提高公众对项目的了解和接纳,反而可能激化社会矛盾。完善公众参与机制和风险沟通机制,优化PX项目布局,重建系统信任等举措,是探索平衡"环境保护"与"经济发展"的重要途径。

Based on the data of PX project environmental and social risk assessment of F province in 2014, this paper analyzes the allocation of environmental risk of PX project in F province and public risk acceptance to this project with an inter-disciplinary approach. The research finds that although the environmental risk assessment shows that risk of PX project is within an acceptable range, the public reject the PX project. Further analysis finds that the public risk perception, environmental values, system trust and risk communication have significantly impacted their risk acceptance to heavy chemical pro- jects. The paper argues that only informing the public of low-level environmental risk information, technical persuasion and even political manipulation will not only fail to improve public understanding and acceptance to PX project, but also intensify social contradictions. Perfecting the public participation mechanism and risk communication mechanism, optimizing of the PX project layout and reconstructing system trust are important ways to explore the balance of environmental protection and economic development.