古代悬镜葬俗研究

The Study on the “Mirror-hanging” Funeral Custom in the Ancient Times

墓葬中的悬镜可分为顶镜、壁镜和顶、壁镜共用三大类。此葬俗主要分布在北方地区,行用者有高等级贵族、官吏和普通人,使用者有信仰道教、佛教、佛道兼修及无明显宗教背景的普通人,流行的年代为晚唐至辽宋早期、辽宋中晚期至金代中期、金代中期至元代。悬镜有驱邪避鬼的功能,它的盛行应与道教关系密切。

Hanging mirrors in the tomb chambers is one of the popular funeral customs from the late Tang to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which can be classified into three types： the ceiling mirror, wall mirror and the combination of the ceiling and wall mirrors. This funeral custom was mainly seen in the northern China, the users of which included peoples of all classes from high-ranking aristocrats and officials to the common people, and their beliefs included the Taoism, Buddhism, or both, or neither; the prevailing periods were the late Tang to the early Liao and Song Dynasties, mid and late Liao and Song Dynasties through mid Jin Dynasty, after mid Jin to the Yuan Dynasty, etc. Mirror-hanging had the function of exorcising devils and evil spirits, and its popularity had close relationship with the Taoism.