美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼的营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Nutritional Components in the Muscle of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitri

以美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼背部肌肉为研究对象,对水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质元素含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成进行分析,结果表明:1)美国鳙鱼和美国鲢鱼背部肌肉水分含量分别为71.45%和73.63%,脂肪含量分别为1.8%和1.23%,蛋白质含量分别为24.31%和19.47%,灰分含量分别为1.13%和1.24%,总糖含量分别为0.81%和0.17%。两种淡水鱼背部肌肉中含有丰富的常量和微量矿物质元素。2)美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼的必需氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO标准,根据氨基酸的AAS评分,第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸;两者的EAAI分别为92.69和88.79,为良好蛋白质来源。3)从美国鳙鱼的背部肌肉中检测出14种脂肪酸,从美国鲢鱼的背部肌肉中检测出15种脂肪酸,且多不饱和脂肪酸含量较其它淡水鱼多,两者EPA+DHA的含量分别是17.94%和18.09%。美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼均是高蛋白、低脂肪,富含多种营养成分的水产品,符合人们对于健康生活的追求。

In this paper, the nutritional compositions in the muscle of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the crude protein contents of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were 24.31%、 19.47%, respectively. The crude fat contents of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were 1.8%, 1.23%. The essential amino acids index（EAAI） of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are 92.69, 88.79, respectively. This indicates that the nutritional value of amino acids of this two kinds of fish are both very high, they are good resource of high quality protein.The muscle of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix containe abundant macro elements and micro elements. The essential amino acid/tatal amino acid（EAA/TAA） of muscle were 44.68%, 43.97%, respectively. Both of them are rich in poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA）＋docosahexenoic acid（DHA）of the Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were 17.94%, 18.09%, respectively. In conclusion,both Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are two kinds of nutrient-rich fish with higher protein and lower fat and they are worthy to popularization.