基于ICMM风险评估技术的某电镀企业职业健康风险的定量定性评估研究

ICMM risk assessment technology-based research on quantitive and qualitative assessment of a electroplating enterprise on occupational health risks

目的评估某电镀企业职业健康风险,并研究评估方法的适用性。方法采用ICMM风险评估技术中定性评估矩阵和定量评估模型对某电镀企业工人的职业健康风险进行评估;利用职业健康检查结果验证评估结果准确性;并从危害因素种类、暴露途径等角度分析方法适用性。结果镀铬岗位吸入铬酸盐的风险等级RR值为900和1 800,有极高的致铬鼻病和肺癌的健康风险;其他岗位吸入其他职业病危害因素无风险或低风险。结论 ICMM风险评估技术能评估出该电镀企业职业健康风险,但定量评估模型能高估实际为低风险岗位的职业健康风险,而定性评估矩阵能低估实际为高风险岗位的职业健康风险。针对电镀企业职业健康风险岗位应采取工艺改进、加强防护和职业卫生管理等措施降低职业健康风险。

Objective To assess occupational health risks of a electroplating enterprise and to study the applicability of evaluation approaches. Methods The qualitative assessment matrix and quantitive assessment model of ICMM risk assessment technology were adopted to evaluate a electroplating enterprise on occupational health risks; occupational health examination results were used to verify and assess result accuracy; and hazard type,exposure channel and other factors were used to analyze the approach suitability. Results There were high health risks in chrome- plating posts whose RR were900 and 1800,which would render chromium induced nasal disease and lung cancer; and there was no or low risk in other posts who absorb other occupational hazard factors. Conclusion ICMM risk assessment technology is able to evaluate and recognize the occupational health risks in such electroplating enterprise. However,the quantitive assessment model will over- estimate the occupational health risks existing in low- risk posts and the qualitative assessment matrix will under-estimate the occupational health risks existing in high- risk posts. For the posts of the enterprise having occupational heath risks,such measures as improving processes and strengthening protection and occupational health management should be taken to reduce such risks.