网络和虚拟条件下的道德行为——基于当代认知科学立场的分析

On the Moral Behaviors under the Condition of Network and VR——Analysis based on the Contemporary Cognitive Science

根据左右脑分工和脑科学的原理以及卡尼曼的前景理论和双系统加工理论,我们知道,道德压力与无意识行为之间存在反变关系。当道德压力加强时,无意识行为的冲动会减小;反之,当道德压力减少时,表现生物本能的无意识行为的冲动就会增强。因此,在网络和虚拟条件下,由于道德压力的减轻和释放,会形成强烈的无意识行为,新的道德行为模式以及特征也会随之形成。在网络和虚拟条件下,虚拟对象的范围大大扩展,性质也彻底改变。网络和虚拟技术不仅创造了虚拟对象,还将现实世界虚拟化。面对这些改变,我们不必惊慌失措,而应积极面对,通过立法和建立网络伦理道德规范,形成法律和道德的压力,抑制人们在网络和虚拟条件下的无意识行为,从而形成更加自觉和规范的道德行为。

According to the theory of the division of the left and right hemispheres of the brain and the brain science, Kahneman＇s prospect theory and the dual system processing theory, we know that there is an inverse relationship between moral pressure and unconscious behavior. The impulse of unconscious behavior will be reduced when moral pressure is strengthened; conversely, the impulse of unconscious behavior showing biological instincts will be enhanced when moral pressure is reduced. This paper discusses that under the network and virtual conditions, strong unconscious behaviors, a new moral behavior pattern and the characteristics of these behaviors will be formed due to moral pressure relieved or released. Then this article continues to discuss that under the network and virtual conditions, the scope of virtual objects will be broadened, and their nature will be changed. In the face of these changes, we must not panic, but actively respond to them, and make laws and establish network ethical regulations to pose legal and moral pressure for inhibiting the unconscious behaviors of people, so as to help form more conscious and standardized moral behaviors under the network and virtual conditions.