中世纪法国城市“公社运动”探析——以吉贝尔·德·诺让对琅城事件的记载为中心

A Survey into the Medieval French Urban Commune Movement': Focusing on the Records of “Laon Revolt” in the Autobiography of Guibert de Nogent

琅城事件是12世纪法国城市公社运动的一个重要组成部分,也曾经被认为是中世纪历史中的重要事件,并一直被史家当作市民革命的典型案例。本文拟从记述该事件的教会史家吉贝尔·德·诺让所写历史文本入手,结合其拉丁文原文与英、法及中译本进行比较,考察移译中的变动。继而从当时的时代背景,尤其是从教会改革、领主制形成、英法两国之争3个方面进行解读,厘清导致这个事件发生的偶然性和特殊性,还原其历史本来面目。本文强调,此一时期法国的城市公社运动是在封建体制内部进行的,不能赋予其过高的意义。

Laon revolt was an important part in the history of the French urban commune movement during the 12 th century. Regarded as an important event in medieval history, this revolt has also been taken by historians as a typical case of bourgeois revolution. This paper starts from the records about this event written by church historian Guibert de Nogent, compares the original Latin text with its English, French, and Chinese translations, and traces the changes in the translated texts. Then, it exams the background of this event, especially the church reform, formation of feudal lordship, and the competition between England and French. Finally, this paper points out the accidental nature of this event and concludes that the urban commune movement in France at that time actually occurred within the context of Feudal system which should not be overvalued.