刻板印象对考官评分偏差的影响:考官决策方式的调节作用

The Effects of Stereotype on Interviewer's Rating Bias: The Moderating Role of Interview's Decision-making Types

面试中,基于过去的有限经验产生的对特定群体的刻板印象会有意识或无意识地影响考官的判断决策,为了维持刻板的一致性,人们会故意忽视与刻板印象不一致的信息,这在很大程度上损害了面试的有效性和公平性。为了探究减弱面试刻板印象影响的方法,本文通过2(刻板刺激:有/无)×2(考官决策方式:直觉性决策/分析性决策)组间因子设计,利用眼动技术模拟教师行为事件面试,探讨了面试中刻板印象影响考官评分偏差的作用机制,以及考官决策方式与刻板印象对考官评分偏差的交互作用。结果表明:(1)存在刻板印象实验标的刺激时,考官对刺激的视觉注意更多,考官评分偏差更大,即刻板印象通过视觉注意的中介作用影响考官评分偏差;(2)刻板印象和考官决策方式存在显著的交互作用。实验结论对如何有效削弱刻板印象对面试决策的影响,提高面试有效性具有一定的启示意义。

The stereotypes of specific groups based on previous limited experience will influence the interviewer＇s judgment consciously or unconsciously in the interview. In addition, in order to maintain the consistency of stereotypes, people will deliberately ignore the information inconsistent with stereotypes, which greatly damages the effectiveness and fairness of the interview. In order to explore ways to reduce the impact of stereotypes in the interview, this study conducted a laboratory study to examine the influence of stereotype on interviewers＇ rating bias and the processes involved, and to explore the interaction effect between stereotype and interviewers＇ decision-making types. In a 2 （ stereotype： yes/no ）× 2 （ interviewers＇ decision-making type： intuitive/analytical ） between-subjects experiment of behavioral-event- interview, participants viewed a computer-mediated interview of an applicant who has stereotype stimuli or not and rated, and we recorded the visual attention of participants by using eye-track apparatus. The results revealed that there was more visual attention to stimuli and more rating bias to applicant when stereotype effect existed.That was, the visual attention mediated the relationship between stereotype and the rating deviation of the applicant.In addition, the interaction effect between stereotype and interviewers＇ decision-making types was significant. The conclusion of the experiment has some enlightening significance on how to effectively weaken the stereotype＇s effect on interview decision-making and improve the effectiveness of interview.