传统与变迁:论澳门工会维权策略选择的变革与限制

Tradition and Transition: Change and Constraint of Protection Strategies Employed by the Trade Union in Macao

我国澳门地区工会传统的维权方式一是提供培训和生活服务,二是在澳门的立法过程中代表劳动者发出自己的声音。随着中国政府对澳门行使主权以来,澳门社会发生巨大变化,工会的维权方式也有了突破。针对澳门地区外地劳工的就业问题,工会采取了限制甚至禁止的态度;为提高劳动者的劳动条件,一些新兴工会采取集体行动;而澳门水电工会则通过集体谈判的方式来提高劳动者薪资与退休金。限制外劳的维权策略损害了产业效率,激进的集体行动并不利于产业稳定。个案表明集体谈判是劳资双方有效沟通的渠道,也是产业冲突预防与处理的有效途径。

The trade union＇s traditional mode in protecting workers＇ rights is to provide service and training, whilst influencing the legislation by voice in Macao. As its return to China, the society in Macao tremendously changed, which elicits the shitl of mode of protecting workers＇ rights. The union constrained and even forbade the employment of migrant workers. And a munber of new trade unions also take collective actions to improve workers＇ working conditions. The trade union in water and electronic power sector employed collective bargaining to promote workers＇ wage and pension. The restrictive strategies pose harm to the economic efficiency, which is hardly conducive to the industrial peace. Case studies demonstrates that collective bargaining is a effective way in which the employer and employees can make mutual gains. It also serves to prevent labour conflict.