近代英国经验论哲学浅析

A Brief Discussion on Empiricism in Modern Britain

英国经验论哲学的产生是时代发展的产物,它的创始人是弗兰西斯·培根。文艺复兴和宗教革命所带来的新思潮,激发了人们的思考精神、批判精神。国家对教会统治的取代,民主政治的出现,使人们产生了对独立的追求。英国资产阶级掌握政权后,大力发展科学和生产,人们也渴望文明和进步,而传统的经院哲学极大地束缚了人们的思想,是社会发展的障碍,因此需要开创新思想。从经验论哲学产生的历史条件、发展过程以及经验论者的观点中可看出,无论是唯物主义的经验论还是唯心主义的经验论,经验论哲学具有崇尚感觉和经验、以固定模型(数学模型)为标准、没有彻底脱离经院哲学思想的一般特征。

The emergence of British empiricism is the product of the development of that times, and its founder is Francis Ba- con. The new trends brought by the Renaissance and the Refor- mation stimulated people＇s spirit of thinking and criticism. The emergence of democratic politics urged people to pursue free- dom. After the British bourgeois seized power, they developed science and production vigorously, and people also longed for civilization and progress, but the traditional scholastic philoso- phy greatly confined people＇s thinking and hindered social de- velopment, so new thoughts needed to be created. Viewing from the historical conditions and development process of empiricism and empiricists＇ viewpoints, either materialistic empiricism or idealistic empiricism advocates perception and experience with fixed models （mathematical models） as the standard, and neither of them completely get rid of the general characteristics of the scholastic philosophical thoughts.