浅析陕北煤矿矿区地质灾害发育特征及其成灾过程

Analyses of development characteristics and formation of geological disasters in coal mine area of northern Shaanxi

煤炭开采为社会经济带来效益的同时诱发地质灾害、地表排水系统破坏、土地资源浪费等地质环境问题。查明矿区地质灾害发育特征及成灾过程是做好矿区地质灾害防治工作的前提。本文通过对陕北某煤矿开采过程中地质灾害调查资料分析认为采煤造成的矿区地质灾害特征表现为:地表裂缝似阶梯状且多分布在坡顶及坡体上部;裂缝走向同巷道走向近于垂直;矿区地质灾害多以地面沉降-裂缝开始,发展成为崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等矿区灾害链;矿区成灾过程分为"岩体应力改变阶段—地表裂缝—坡体变形—趋于稳定"四个阶段。

Coal mining brings great benefits for social economic,at the same time it also induces geological environment problems such as occurring geological disasters,damage of surface drainage system and waste of land resources. Finding out development characteristics and formation of geological disaster is the premise of prevention and control of geological hazards. Through analysis of the geological hazard investigation data in coal mining,this thesis conclude that geological characteristics by coal mining manifest as the fissure of ground surface distribute on the top of a slope or upside of a slope that the shape form like a ladder; the trend of the fissure nearly perpendicular to the trend of mine tunnel; geological disasters in mining area usually begin with ground subsidence and formation of fissure,and develop into disaster chain as collapse,slope and debris flow.The formation of geological disasters in mining area divide into rock stress changed—the fissure of ground surface occurred—collapse,slope and debris flow occurred—geological environment tending towards stability.