民国学者在中国近代科学落后原因讨论中科学观的变迁

The Change of Chinese Scholars' Views on Science in Discussions of the Reasons for the Lagging behind of Science in Modern China during the Era of the Republic of China

民国学者对中国近代科学落后原因的探讨和研究可分为两个阶段:新文化运动时期的研究者往往倾向于从知识和方法的角度看待科学,1940年代的学者则倾向于考察科学的社会性,从社会活动或社会文化的角度来看待科学。中国近代科学落后原因的问题属于科学形态比较研究,对科学的不同理解导致对问题的表述、解答也会有差异。研究者科学观的变化受到其时代背景的影响,国际前沿的元科学研究如李约瑟、贝尔纳等人的研究也影响了中国学者的科学观。

The Chinese scholars＇ research and discussions of the reasons for the lagging behind of science in modern China may be divided into two periods during the era of the Republic of China. Those scholars usually tended to look at science from the perspective of knowledge and methods during the period of New Culture Movement, however, the schol- ars in 1940s tended to examine the social nature of science and looked at science from the perspective of social activities and social culture. The lagging behind issues belong to comparative sciences study, so different understanding of science leads to different solutions and presentations of the issues. The changes of researchers＇ views were affected by historical background. The international latest recta-science study, for instance, the points of view of Joseph Needham and J. D. Bernal have affected Chinese scholars＇ views on science too.