纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的制备方法与性能关系

Relation between the Preparation Methods of Nano-silica/Epoxy Resin Composites and Their Properties

采用超声分散、机械剪切搅拌和纳米SiO_2粒子表面处理等多种分散工艺,制备了纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。采用SEM、电子拉力机、粘弹谱仪和脉冲声管测试系统分别研究了纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的微观结构、拉伸性能、动态力学性能和水声性能。结果表明,超声波分散法以及预处理法能够将纳米SiO_2粒子均匀分散在环氧树脂基体中,并且SiO_2粒子呈纳米尺度分布在环氧基体中。相对纯环氧树脂材料,纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度提高了5%—30%,伸长率提高了2%—14%;储能模量随纳米SiO_2粒子的加入与均匀分散而提高,损耗因子则略有下降;吸声系数相对纯环氧树脂材料提高了6—10倍;而且纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的常规力学性能、动态力学性能以及水声性能受纳米粒子的分散效果影响明显,分散越均匀,变化越大。

Nano-silica / epoxy resin composites were prepared by dispersion technologies as ultrasonic disperation,mechanical agitation and surface treatment of nano-silica particles. The microstructures,tensile mechanical properties,dynamic mechanical properties and hydroacoustic performance were studied by scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）,universal testing machine,viscoelastometer and acoustic impulse tube test system,respectively. The results indicated that,nano-silica were uniformly dispersed on nano scale in the epoxy with the ultrasonic dispersion method and the pretreatment method. Compared with pure Epoxy. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of nano-silica / epoxy composites were increased by 5% —30% and 2% —14% respectively,compared with those of the pure expoxy. With improved dispersion of nano-silica,the storage modulus of nano-silica / epoxy composites was improved,while the loss factor decreased. The sound absorption performance of the nano-silica / epoxy composites was 6—10 times higher than that of the pure epoxy. The finer the nano-silica was,the more even the dispersion was. The homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica in epoxy had a positive influence on the tensile mechanical properties,dynamic mechanical properties and hydroacoustic performance of the nano-silica / epoxy composites.