MAGE-A家族与NY-ESO-1在乳腺癌中的表达及免疫治疗前景

Expression and Immuntherapy Prospect of MAGE-A Family and NY-ESO-1 in Breast Cancer

以肿瘤特异性抗原为基础的肿瘤免疫治疗已经成为乳腺癌的新的治疗模式,癌睾丸抗原(CTA)是肿瘤免疫治疗研究的热点。MAGE-A家族与NY-ESO-1作为癌睾丸抗原家族的重要成员,在乳腺癌的诊断、治疗、预后等各个方面发挥重要作用。MAGE-A家族不同成员在乳腺癌组织中有不同程度的阳性表达,其表达机制可能和DNA甲基化和组蛋白去乙酰化相关。目前MAGE-A的肿瘤疫苗研究尚处于起步阶段,而且其应用也有一定的局限性。有人认为通过去甲基化药物激活MAGE-A表达,可以增加MAGE-A的免疫原性,增强免疫治疗疗效。NY-ESO-1在不同类型肿瘤组织中均有阳性表达,它也是判断肿瘤预后的重要指标。基因甲基化可能是调控NY-ESO-1在肿瘤中表达的机制。以NY-ESO-1为基础的多种疫苗已相继进入临床研究阶段。综上,MAGE-A和NY-ESO-1可成为现在以及将来免疫治疗的理想靶标。

The tumor immune therapy based on specific tumor antigen has become a new mode of treatment for breast cancer while cancer testicular antigen （CTA） has been booming research on tumor immune therapy. As important members of CTA family, MAGE-A family and NY-ESO-1 are playing a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and other aspects of breast cancer. Different members of the MAGE-A family have different positive expressions in breast cancer tissues, whose expression mechanism may be related to DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Currently the research of MAGE-A vaccine is still in its infancy, and its application has some limitations. It is believed that the activation of MAGE- A expression by the methylation of drugs can increase the immunogenicity of MAGE-A, thus enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. NY-ESO-1 can be expressed positively in different tumor types, and it serves as an important index to judge tumor prognosis. Gene methylation may be a mechanism to regulate the expression of NY- ESO- 1 in tumor. A variety of vaccines based on NY- ESO- 1 have entered their clinical research stage successively. In conclusion, MAGE- A and NY- ESO- 1 are now and in the future. more likely to be ideal targets for immunotherapy