不同穗条类型、长度的欧洲云杉扦插苗质量评价

Quality Evaluation on Norway Spruce Cuttings with Different Types and Lengths

[目的]为欧洲云杉扦插穗条选择和扦插苗培育提供依据。[方法]采用完全随机区组试验设计,研究了2种穗条类型(嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝、嫩枝)、3种穗条长度(5 10、10 15、15 20 cm)的嫩枝扦插苗从移植当年到第3年的成活率、保存率和生长情况。[结果]2种穗条类型扦插苗间的移植成活率和保存率差异不显著,但移植后嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗的苗高、新梢生长量、地径、侧枝数、冠幅、鲜质量、干质量差异显著,都是嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗大于嫩枝扦插苗。3种长度扦插苗的移植成活率、保存率的差异均显著;其中,15 20 cm长度穗条扦插苗移植成活率和保存率最高,分别是98.00%和86.00%,不同长度穗条扦插苗移植成苗率逐年下降,而且与穗条长度有关,弱小穗条获得的扦插苗成苗率低;5 10 cm的扦插苗移植成活率为46.00%,到第3年时保存率仅为23.33%,且移植后苗高、新梢生长量、地径、侧枝数、冠幅、鲜质量、干质量的差异也显著,且都以15 20cm穗条的扦插苗值最高,10 15 cm穗条的扦插苗次之,5 10 cm的扦插苗最小。嫩枝带硬枝扦插苗的苗木质量指数(QI)是嫩枝的7.74倍,15 20 cm穗条的扦插苗质量指数(QI)是5 10、10 15 cm扦插苗的5.47、5.23倍。扦插苗地径初始值与移植当年地径、苗高初始值与移植当年苗高间呈极显著正相关关系。[结论]扦插苗最初的生根状况和穗条质量影响后期培育过程中的存活和生长,嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗和15 20 cm穗条的扦插苗不仅移植成活率、保存率高,而且生长量、生物量、质量指数都比短而弱小穗条的扦插苗高。

[Objective]To study the difference in clone quality so as to providing with the basis for cutting selection and cultivation. [Methods]A completely randomized block design was used to study the survival rate,preserving rate and clones quality of Norway spruce（ Picea abies） cuttings with two cutting types（ the twig base with 1. 5 years hard branch,and the twig） and three cutting lengths（ 5 10,10 15,and 15 20 cm） in the initial 3 years after transplanting. [Results]No significant difference was found on the survival rate,preserving rate between the clones with the two types of cuttings. However,there were significant differences in height,height increment,stem diameter,number of lateral branch,crown breadth and fresh weight,dry weight,and clones quality index（ QI） between the clones with two types of cutting,with the higher value in the clones of twig base with 1. 5 years hardbranch. The survival rate,preserving rate,height,height increment,stem diameter,number of lateral branch,crown breadth and fresh weight,dry weight,and clones QI of the cuttings with different cutting lengths had significant difference. All the traits of the clones with 15 20 cm cuttings were the highest,followed by 10 15 cm cuttings,and the lowest was the 5 10 cm cuttings. The percent of normal seedlings declined year by year for cuttings and it was related the cutting length,the smaller the cuttings was,the lower the percent of normal seedling. The survival rate and preserving rate of the clones with 15 20 cm cuttings were the highest,which were 98. 00% and86. 00% respectively; the clone＇s transplanting survival rate was the lowest for 5- 10 cm cuttings,only 46. 10%,and even as low as 23. 33% in the third year after transplanting. The QI of clones of twig base with 1. 5 years hard branch was 7. 74 times of that of twigs. Of the clones with different cutting lengths,the QI of 15 cm clones was5. 23 times and 5. 47 times of those of 10 to 15 cm and 5 10 cm clones,respectively. A very significant positive correlation was found between the initial value of cuttings and the cutting seedlings diameter,the initial seedling height and the cutting seedlings. The clones with twig base with 1. 5 years hard branches and 15 20 cm cuttings grow quickly and also had the highest survival rate and QI. [Conclusion]The original cutting quality and rooting state influence the survival and growth of clones after transplanting. The longer and thicker cuttings achieve the highest survival rate,preserving rate,seedling height,ground diameter,and height increment,and also had the developed root. The clones of twig base with 1. 5 years hard branch and 15 cm cutting had the highest value of the number of lateral branch,crown breadth,fresh weight,dry weight,and clones QI.