中国城市交通问题、对策与理论需求

Urban Transportation in China: Problems, Policies and Integrating Theory with Practice

近30年中国在综合交通运输领域取得长足进步,城市交通也得到快速发展,但面临严峻的交通拥堵、交通污染、绿色出行环境差和停车难等困境。通过分析中国城市交通问题的特性与成因,指出新型城镇化对城市交通发展的新要求和制定交通政策的新导向。基于旧城改造中优质公共交通系统建设、交通需求管理、城市内外衔接交通设计等典型案例探讨现实问题的对策。从城市居民合理需求的满足和城市整体运行效率提升角度,引导学术界关注城市交通学的理论研究。最后,重点讨论大数据环境下城市交通网络构建和运行、特大及超大中心城市都市圈交通网络协同优化,以及城市交通需求管理应用3个研究方向。

Over the last three decades, China has made significant progresses in the comprehensive transportation systems. However, the rapid development of urban transportation also brought lots of problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, worsening environment for green travel, inadequate parking facilities, and etc., which presents critical challenges to urban transportation system. Through analyzing the characteristics and causes of urban transportation problems in China, this paper discusses the new requirements for urban transportation development and the need for new guiding policies on urbanization. Based on typical cases on the development of high-quality public transit system in urban redevelopment, travel demand management, and transportation connection planning for intra- city- and intercity travels, the paper identifies the countermeasures for urban transportation problems. Aiming at urban residents＇ reasonable demands and urban operation efficiency＇s promotion, the paper urges that it is important to pay close attention to the theoretical research of urban transportation science. Finally, the paper elaborates three research priorities in the era of big data, such as the development and operation of urban transportation network, the coordination and optimization of transportation network in large cities and metropolitans, as well as the application of travel demand management.