在治理中生成民主:协商政治与有效的基层民主建设

Democracy in National Governance: Consultative Politics and Conduct Community-level Democracy

作为协商民主核心机制和基本形态的民主协商是中国基层民主发展的基础性机制。民主协商的理论基础和实践框架是协商民主。协商民主在中国并不仅仅是为了发展协商民主本身,而是要适应中国的国家治理需要,充分发挥协商民主的治理功能。协商民主的禀赋角色与功能定位是以治理形态而存在,以创造治理为使命,这既是适应民主建构对秩序与制度的需求,也是基层民主发展现实状态的紧迫要求,而创造治理的本质是在基层社会建构以制度为基础的政治秩序。协商民主在基层治理中的定位与使命,是在一定的治理结构中实现的:在社会协商中推进基层政权的制度建设,在行政协商中提高公权力运行的服务性,在参政协商中开发民间组织的治理功能,在公民协商中使基层群众自治运转起来。只有构建合理的协商结构,确立制度化的协商体系,推进基层协商民主广泛多层制度化发展,塑造基层协商政治,才会在基层实践中生成民主。

Consultations on issues relating to democracy serve as a basic form of consultative democracy and core mechanism for conducting community-level democracy in China. As the theoretical foundation and framework for consultations on issues relating to democracy, consultative democracy aims to not only conduct democracy, but also meet the requirement of national governance and give a full play of the function in management. The responsibilities and functions of consultative democracy embodied in the form of national governance. With the mission of promoting national governance, consultative democracy meets the urgent need and requirement of conducting order for community-level democracy. The promotion of governance in essence is conducting a political order that based on the system at a community level. The orientation and mission of consultative democracy at community level has been realized through certain governance structure. We should improve the system of community-level government through consultations on issues relating to social problems and promote the efficiency of public power through consultations on issues relating to administration. We should explore management capability of social organizations through consultations on issues relating to political participation and promote a community level self-governance through consultation with the participation of citizen. The development of community-level democracy not only relies on an effective structure and institutional consultative system, but also the systematic development community-level consultative democracy and consultative politics.