早期佛教美术中的三宝标图像

Sambo Images in the Early Buddhist Art History

三宝标是佛教中重要的标志之一,由于史料与实例的缺乏,这一标志虽被大量提及,却一直没有被清晰地梳理出来。本文通过对古代印度桑奇、巴尔胡特、阿玛拉瓦蒂等佛塔浮雕,综合南印度的巴贾石窟与贝德萨石窟等三宝标样式进行分析。三宝标图案在早期虽被耆那教美术吸收,但至少在公元前1世纪时即成为佛教的标志,并作为装饰图样融入到佛塔、石窟与佛足石的雕刻中,并随之流传至亚洲的其他国家与地区。

Sambo is one of the impor tant symbols of Buddhism. Due to the lack of historical data and examples, this sign has been mentioned a lot, but it has not been clearly researched. This ar ticle makes analysis on pagoda reliefs in Sanchi, Baltimore Huth, Amara Waed in ancient India combining with the Sambo patterns in Baja and Beidesa Grottoes in southern India. Although the Sambo pattern in early days was absorbed by ar t of Jainism, it became a symbol of Buddhism at least in the 1st Centur y BC, and was absorbed in stone sculptures of pagodas, grottoes and Buddhist feet as a decorative pattern, and then spread to other Asian countries and regions.