视野、材料与方法:晚清民国江南地区设计艺术研究管见

Vision, Material and Methods: On Design Art Research of Late Qing Dynasty in Jiangnan Area of China

晚清民国是我国设计艺术从传统向现代转型、从古典向现代转化的关键时期,江南地区由于开启了我国最早的近代化、现代化历程,其设计演变史堪称为中国近现代设计变迁的典型缩影。百年来江南地区设计师们孜孜以求,辛勤耕耘,成绩斐然,不应妄自菲薄。江南地区在东西方思想文化的接触、碰撞、选择、交流、融会中,设计文化体现为发展变化的迅疾性、复杂性、多样性与先进性,呈现出精彩纷呈的多元格局。晚清民国江南地区设计艺术的演进呈现为阶段性和接续性特点,其间隐含着传承相沿关系。研究拟从全球史的文化视野出发,聚焦以往"边缘化"的设计资料作为研究素材,如:小说封面及插图、商业杂志广告画,辅以设计人物回忆录、口述访谈等,从设计作品所处的政治、经济环境、社会文化结构、中西交流与比较等多维宏观视角出发,对作品的创作目的、功用、材质、形式和母题等做出微观解析,增加研究的内在张力。表现在研究方法上是对跨学科研究方法特别是倚靠大数据的平台优势,重视量化研究方法,体现在研究思路上是关注设计文化和心态以及跨文化的综合比较研究,针对具体问题,提出新观点。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, China's design ar t was in a critical period transforming from traditional to modern and from the classical to the modern. The Jiangnan region was the area where China's modernization process star ted from, the design histor y there was the typical epitome of the evolution histor y of modern Chinese design. Designers in Jiangnan of the past hundred years diligently worked and strivedwith success, and should not improperly belittle oneself. In the background of contact, collision, selection, communication, integration of thinking and cultures of the East and the West in Jiangnan area, the design culture here embodied as the development with rapidity, complexity, diversity and advanced manner, and in brilliant diversified patterns. The evolution of design ar t in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China in Jiangnan area presented with the characteristics both of gradation and continuity, which implies the inheritance relationship. This study paper plans to star t from cultural vision of a global histor y, focuses in the 'marginalized' design data as research materials, obser ves from multi-dimensional macroscopic view of political, economic environment, social and cultural structure, comparison and communication between China and the west that the design works were from, makes the micro motif analysis on the creation aim, function, material, form and motif of the works, and increases internal tension of the research. The study methods are to make use of the advantage of interdisciplinar y research methods especially in big data platform, emphasis on quantitative research methods, and the research ideas are to focus on design culture and mentality and cross-cultural comparative study, and to put for ward a new point of view according to specific problems.