违基审查20年:香港法院宪制功能的检视、省思与前瞻

Twenty-year Review of the Violation of Hong Kong's Basic Law: Examination, Reflection and Prospect of the Constitutional Functions of Hong Kong's Courts

香港《基本法》实施的20年也是特区法院行使违基审查权的20年。特区法院通过违基审查塑造自己在香港新宪制体制中的角色,确保《基本法》在特区的宪制性法律地位,保障特区居民基本权利,对中央与特区的关系进行诠释,也参与了特区新政治体制的构造。在此过程中,能动或谦抑的司法哲学、自由优先或秩序优先的裁判立场、域内或域外的裁判法理、中央或特区的利益衡量,这些因素或立场的择取不仅影响了法院裁判结果,也彰显了法院对自身宪制功能塑造的考量。法院在某些时候过于积极的司法能动、对自由的优先选择、对域外法理的过份依赖,以及以所谓的特区利益为中心的裁判立场,使得特区法院的裁判对《基本法》的实施并非全部是正面作用。保持适度的司法谨慎、发展特区自己的裁判法理、在自由与秩序及中央利益与特区利益之间谨守平衡,是特区法院未来违基审查的理性选择。

Hong Kong＇s Basic Law in the past two decades has been implemented in parallel with the review of the violation of the law by the courts of HKSAR（Hong Kong Special Administrative Region）. Through the review,the courts of HKSAR have established their roles in Hong Kong＇s new constitutional system, ensured the constitutional legal position of Hong Kong＇s Basic Law in HKSAR, safeguarded the basic rights of Hong Kong people, interpreted the relationship between the central government and HKSAR, and engaged in the establishment of the new political system in HKSAR. In this process, the choices of the elements or positions such as the judicial philosophy of activity or humility, discretion priority or order priority in judgment, jurisprudences within and outside HKSAR, and the interest between the central government and HKSAR not only affect the court judgment and decision, but also demonstrate the court＇s consideration of its constitutional functions. Sometimes, the aggressive judicial activity, choice of discretion priority, excessive dependence upon the jurisprudence outside HKSAR, and HKSAR-oriented judgment position of Hong Kong＇s courts make their judgments not entirely positive to the implementation of Hong Kong＇s Basic Law. It is a reasonable choice for the courts of HKSAR in reviewing the violation of Hong Kong＇s Basic Law to maintain proper prudence, develop a separate jurisprudence of HKSAR,and maintain balance between discretion and order, between the interest of the central government and HKSAR.