2005-2014年攀枝花市甲型病毒性肝炎的流行特征分析

Epidemiological Features of Hepatitis A in Panzhihua,2005-2014

目的分析攀枝花市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征,为甲肝预防控制措施的调整提供依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集攀枝花市2005-2014年甲肝发病数据,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果攀枝花市2005-2014年甲肝平均发病率11.36/10万,病例主要集中在煤矿企业居多的地区和农村地区。2008年甲肝疫苗纳入国家扩大免疫规划(EPI)后,甲肝发病率由2005年的21.39/10万降至2014年3.08/10万,0~14岁病例数构成比由24.62%降低至13.32%,学生、托幼儿童、和散居儿童发病构成比减少9.40%,季节高峰明显削平。结论甲肝疫苗纳入EPI后,攀枝花市甲肝流行强度明显下降,季节性高发不明显,15岁以上人群、煤矿企业地区和农村地区是防控重点。应推进社区健康教育,强化饮食卫生监督,建议开展15岁左右人群甲肝抗体水平测定和甲肝疫苗的补种,以及成人甲肝疫苗接种,将新农村建设和甲肝综合性防控工作相结合。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of hepatitis A in Panzhihua, and provide the evi- dence for hepatitis A prevention and control. Methods The data of hepatitis A was collected from Chinese Dis- ease Prevention and Control Information System for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results The average morbidity rate of hepatitis A was 11.36/100 000 in Panzhihua, 2005 -2014. The patients were mainly from the districts of coalmine enterprises and rural areas. After the hepatitis A vaccine brought into Expanded Program on Immunization （EPI） in 2008, the morbidity rate was decreased from 21.39/100 000 in 2005 to 3.08/100 000 in 2014. The constituent ratio of 0 - 14 years old cases was decreased from 24. 62% to 13.32%. It was re- duced 9.40% constituent ratio that included students, kindergarten children and children who lived scattered. The seasonal morbidity peak was flattened obviously. Conclusion After the hepatitis A vaccine brought into EPI, the intension of hepatitis A prevalence was dramatically declined, the seasonal high morbidity was not obvious. The people beyond 15 years old, districts of coalmine enterprises and rural areas were the key parts of prevention and control. The community health education and dietetic supervision should be strengthened. The people around 15 years old should be measured the anti- body level, and the hepatitis A vaccine should be re - vaccinated if it is necessary. The adults should also be vaccinated. The comprehensive prevention and control of hepatitis A should be brought into the new rural construction.