胆汁酸对加州鲈生长性能、形体指数及肌肉营养成分的影响

Effects of bile acids levels on the growth performance,physical indicators and body composition of juvenileMicropterus salmoides

本试验旨在研究胆汁酸对加州鲈生长性能、形体指数及肌肉营养成分的影响。选取初始体重为(12.67±0.22)g的加州鲈540尾,随机分为6组,分别投喂胆汁酸添加量为0、75、150、225、300、450 mg/kg的饲料(L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6),每组设3重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖60 d。结果表明:(1)各试验组加州鲈增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在胆汁酸添加量为150 mg/kg时,WGR和SGR达到最高,分别为206.09%和1.92%/d,较对照组提高了37.59%和22.29%/d(P<0.05);胆汁酸添加量为225 mg/kg时,PER最大,为164.06%,较对照组提高了31.78%(P<0.05),FCR最低,为1.56,较对照组降低了24.27%(P<0.05)。以二次方程回归可知,WGR、SGR、PER和FCR取得最佳时,胆汁酸添加量分别为311.08、311.29、270.00、271.05 mg/kg。(2)胆汁酸显著提高了加州鲈肥满度(P<0.05),降低了其脏体比、肝体比和脂肪沉积率(P<0.05)。(3)胆汁酸显著提高了加州鲈蛋白质含量(P<0.05),降低了其脂肪含量(P<0.05),但各试验组鱼体水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加适量的胆汁酸能提高加州鲈WGR、SGR和FCR,促进其生长,并且可降低FCR料肉比;同时可促进加州鲈体内脂肪代谢,降低机体脂肪沉积,提高其肌肉品质及可食部分比例。根据本试验的结果,建议加州鲈饲料中胆汁酸的添加量为270~311 mg/kg。

This experiment aimd to investigate the effects of bile acids levels on the growth performance ,physical in- dicators and body composition in juvenile Micropterus sahnoides.A total of 540 healthy juvenile Micropterus salmoides with average weight （ 12.67±0.22）g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates of 30 Micropterus salmoides.The test fish were fed with the diet which added with 0,75,150,225,300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg bile acids （the following are named as LI, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6）for 60 days.The results showed that ： （ 1 ）the weight gain ratio （WGR）, specific growth ratio （SGR）,protein efficiency ratio （PER）of the experimental groups were obviously higher than the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while the feed conversion ratio was obviously lower than the control group（P 〈 0.05）.The weight gain ratio and the special growth rate reached the maximum 206.09% and 1.92%/d when the group was added with 150 mg/kg bile acids.It was improved by 37.59% and 22.29% respectively compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）.When the group was added with 225 mg/kg bile acids,the protein efficiency ratio reached the maximum （164.06%）.h was improved by 31.78% compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）;the feed conversion ratio reached the lowest （1.56）.It was decreased by 24.27% compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）.According to the quadratic regression analysis,the weight gain ratio,specific growth ratio, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio reached the optimal when the dietary bile acids levels were 311.08,311.29,270.00 mg/kg and 271.05 mg/kg.（2）the bile acids greatly improved the relative fatness and reduced the dirty body ratio,liver volume ratio and fat deposition rate （P 〈 0.05）. （3）the bile acids greatly improved the crude protein and reduced the ether extract of the fish（P 〈 0.05）.However,the change of moisture and ash was not so obvious.As a conlusion,the proper amount of diet bile acids not only can improve the WGR,SGR and PER of Micropterus salmoides ,but also can reduce its feed conversion ratio.Meanwhile,it contributes to accelerate the fat metabolism of Micropterus salmoides and reduce its body fat deposition and increase the proportion of edible part of Micropterus salmoides.According to the results,it is recommended that the amount of adding bile acids in the Micropterus salmoides feed should be controlled within 270 - 311 mg/kg.