汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价

The Change of Hanjiang River Basin Wetland and Its Ecological Health Assessment

湿地是土地资源类型的重要组成部分,湿地景观格局的变化与气候变化、土地利用变化密切相关。为了获取汉江流域湿地资源现状以及变化特征,科学地诊断湿地生存现状和保护湿地资源,本文基于2000、2005和2010年3期遥感卫星监测数据,分析2000-2010年来汉江流域湿地景观变化特征。运用压力-状态-响应模型分别从3个不同的角度搜集影响汉江流域湿地生态健康状况指标因子,并利用层次分析法获取评价指标权重因子,最终基于模糊层次综合分析模型定量评价汉江流域整体及上中下游湿地生态健康状况。研究结果表明:(1)10年间汉江流域湿地总面积呈下降趋势,但汉江流域湿地面积随时间推移变化强度逐渐放缓;(2)汉江流域湿地生态健康状况具有明显的空间差异,自西北向东南健康状况由健康向脆弱趋势变化,根据模糊层次综合评价模型得出,汉江上游流域湿地生态健康隶属于健康,中游流域湿地生态健康状况隶属于亚健康,下游区域湿地生态健康状况则隶属于脆弱状态,汉江流域湿地整体景观生态健康状况为亚健康。

Wetlands are an important part of the land resource types. The change of wetland landscape pattern is closely related to climate change and land use change. In order to obtain the status and characteristics of the change of Hanjiang River Basin wetland resources, we analyzed the characteristics of the landscape change of Hanjiang River Basin wetland during 2000-2010 and scientifically diagnosed the status of wetlands to protect wetland resources based on the monitoring data of remote sensing satellite in 2000, 2005 and 2010. We used pres- sure-state-response model to collect indicators of ecological health status of Hanjiang River Basin wetland from three different angles and obtained weighting factors of evaluation index using AHP. We finally quantitatively evaluated ecological health status of different wetland regions of Hanjiang River basin as a whole based on fuzzy hierarchy comprehensive analysis model. The results showed that： （1） During the ten years, total area of wetlands of the Hanjiang River basin decreased, but the variation intensity of wetlands of Hanjiang River basin slowed down over time. （2） The ecological health of wetlands of Hanjiang River Basin has significant spatial differences. The trend of ecological health status was healthy in the northwest and fragile in southeast. Based on the results of fuzzy hierarchy comprehensive evaluation model, ecological health of wetlands of upper reaches of Hanjiang River Basin was good while that of middle reaches of Hanjiang River Basin was sub-healthy and that of downstream of Hanjiang River Basin was fragile. The overall ecological health status of wetland landscapes of Hanjiang River Basin was sub-healthy.