4I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism, p.267, see David Lodge, Language of Fiction, pp.7-8.
5David Lodge, Language of Fiction: Essays in Criticism and Verbal Analysis of the English Novel (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966), p.5,p.ix,p.46,p.47,p.47,p.48,p.47
6David Lodge, After Baktin: Essays on Fiction and Criticism (London: Edward Arnold, 1990), p.75.
7David Lodge, The Modes of Modem Writing: Metaphor, Metonymy and the Typology of Fiction (London: Edward Arnold, 1977), p.1,p.9.
8David Lodge, The Art of Fiction: Illustrated from Classic and Modem Texts (London: Penguin Books, 1992), p.24.
9See The Modes of Modern Writing, p.73.
10David Lodge, Working with Structuralism." Essays and Reviews on 19th and 20th Century Literature (Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981), p.10,p.72.
