汉语会话交际中的指称调节

Reference Recalibration in Mandarin Conversational Talk

会话中的指称表达是交际活动的一种表现形式,文章着力分析指称调节的具体过程。首先举例介绍了指称调节分为窄指和宽指两种主要类型;然后通过具体的自然言谈实例来考察不同类型的指称调节在会话中的不同表现,发现两类指称调节在使用数量、修复方式、会话结构的表现以及所关涉的信息类型等方面呈现出了不对称的态势;从认识状态、指称规则和语用原则三方面讨论了指称调节的使用动因;最后强调要关注言谈互动过程的研究。

Reference recalibration in interaction is a kind of social activity.This paper mainly discusses the process of reference recalibration in Mandarin conversational talk.Two sorts of reference recalibration-narrowing and broadening-are distinguished first.The two sorts of reference recalibration are argued to be very different and asymmetrical in frequency of use,means of repair,sequential organization and so on.These differences can be explained from three aspects：epistemic status,preferences in reference using and pragmatic principles.In the end,the paper emphasizes the importance of studying the process of conversational interaction.