政府主导型复合供给:中国义务教育供给模式整体构想

Government-oriented Composite Supply:Overall Construction on the Supply Pattern of Chinese Compulsory Education

中国义务教育的供给实践显示,经典公共物品理论有关纯公共物品应该而且只能由政府单一供给的论断存在可疑之处,这要求我们寻求新的替代方案。我国义务教育供给模式的整体构想包括三个层面:一是对顶层规则的选择,即指导整体设计的价值目标与战略方针;二是依据顶层规则进行的整体设计,可以概括为政府主导型复合供给模式;三是在既定规则和约束条件之下的策略选择或者说实现路径,即不同地区对供给机制的具体选择与复合方式。政府主导型复合供给是整体构想的核心内容,决定政府主导的因素是义务教育的纯公共物品属性、顶层规则选择和公民的共同教育需求,决定复合供给的因素是单一供给的局限性、区域约束条件的差异性和公民的差异教育需求。

Classical public goods theory asserts that the pure public goods should and must be supplied by government only. However, the supply experiences of Chinese compulsory education doubt about that judgment, so we need a new alternative construction. The overall construction of the supply pattern of Chinese compulsory education includes three parts： one is the choice of top rules, that is the value goal and strategic guideline applied to guide the overall design; the second is the overall design according to the top rules named as government-oriented composite supply pattern; the third is the strategy choice or implementation path under established rules and constraint conditions, that is the specific choices and composite ways of supply mechanism by different regions. Government-oriented composite supply pattern is one of the core contents in overall construction. The factors determining ＂government-oriented＂ include the feature of pure public goods, the choice of top rules and the common demand of citizens; while the factors determining ＂composite supply＂ include the limitation of single supply, the difference of regional constraint conditions and the different demand of citizens. The government-oriented composite supply pattern establishes the leading role of government, and it also provides diversified choices and composite spaces. This supply pattern will contribute to using the advantage of every supply mechanism, better satisfying all the supply requirements so as to acquire well supply performance, and realizing the public interest of compulsory education.