从驱动-路径图式看“V开”结构的语义

The Semantics of “V+Kai(开)” Structure from the Drive-path Scheme

动趋式"V+开"基于驱动-路径图式,最初用于空间域中,关注在施动者力的作用下受动者发生的路径变化,具体呈现为扩散向、脱离向和水平离开向位移特征,凸显内在源点和外在源点,分别对应变形位移与刚性位移。根据路径的"形量"、"距量"、"向量"、"标量"与"参量"等五维量度,以及驱动的过程性与结果性、返身与外向、垂直向/水平向/其他向等方向性特征,分析了"开"从空间到时间、状态域的放射性隐喻扩展中产生的诸多语义类别。并结合共时与历时语料,探讨了"V+开/开来/开去"在语义类别、使用频次、出现先后顺序等方面的对称与不对称。

The verb-direction structure ＂V ＋ kai（开）＂, which is originally used in the space-region, is based on the ＂drive-path＂ scheme. It focuses on the path change of causee under the action of force, presenting in a specific displacement characteristic make up of diffusible, separated and horizontal direction of displacement. The structure of ＂V ＋ kai（开）＂ makes the internal source and external source prominent and corresponds to deformation displacement and rigid displacement. On the basis of the ＂five-dimension＂ metrics of the projected path in shape change, distance, direction, source point-the end punctuation and mobile perspective and directional feature, which have procedural and consequential, outer-oriented and inner-oriented, vertical, horizontal and other directions, this essay analyzes numerous semantic categories of kai（开）, kailai（开来）, kaiqu（开去） that is born in the process of emissive metaphorical extension. In this thesis, both the synchronic corpus and the diachronic corpus are used to probe into syrmnetry and asymmetry about V ＋ kai（开）, kailai（开来） and kaiqu（开去） on the three aspects of semantic category, frequency of utilization and the order they appear.