显著事件的认知分化及其对语言发展的影响--以“期期”的演化为例

Effect of Cognitive Differentiation of a Salient Event on Language Development: Taking the Development of Qiqi(期期) for Example

文章主要讨论了语气副词"期期"和拟声词"期期"的形成问题,指出这是一种由于显著事件的认知分化而逐渐形成的语言现象。"期期"的叠用始现于《史记》,记载的是御史周昌因口吃而出现的语误现象,并因《史记》的记载和传播成为显著事件,使"期期"这种叠用形式得以长时间地保留和扩散。明清时期,随着汉语词汇双音化趋势的加速,"期期"逐渐完成了由构形重叠到构词重叠的演化,形成了语气副词"期期"和拟声词"期期"两种演变结果。形成的原因主要是人们对周昌因口吃而叠用"期"这一显著事件认知结果的分化,同时也受"期期"所处句法位置和句法格式、语气副词"期"的词类地位调整以及汉语词汇双音化趋势等多种因素的影响。显著事件对新兴语言现象的产生和发展具有不容忽视的推动作用,是语言发展变化的重要因素之一。

This paper focuses on the formation of modal adverb Qiqi（期期） and mimetic word Qiqi（期期）, by pointing out that it is a language phenomenon formed gradually owing to cognitive differentiation of a salient event. The overlapping use dates from Shiji（史记）, which records it as a speech error phenomenon due to Zhou Chang（周昌）--a royal official＇s stutter. The historical record and diffusion makes it a salient event so that the overlapping use of Qiqi（期期） can remain and diffuse for a long time. During Ming（明） and Qing（清） dynasties, with the speeding up of Chinese lexical disyllablization tendency, Qiqi（期期） gradually achieves evolution from grammatical formation overlapping to word formation overlapping, thus obtaining two results-- --modal adverb Qiqi（期期） and mimetic word Qiqi（期期）. The formation is mainly caused by the differentiation of cognitive results concerning the salient event the popular overlapping of Qiqi（期期） due to Zhou Chang＇s（周昌） stutter as well as the effect of many factors like the syntactic pattern Qiqi（期期） is in, the adjustment of word class status of modal adverb Qi（期）, Chinese lexical disyllabification tendency and so on This paper indicates that a salient event plays an indispensable role in pushing the production and development of a newly-emerging language phenomenon so as to be worth paying close attention to and researching on.