“即使……也”的语义结构

On the Semantic Structure of Jishi(即使)…Ye(也)

"即使……也"句式实际包含4个小句,其语义结构可以描述为:A,B;即使C,也D(A-B蕴涵关系,A-C让步关系,B-D类同关系,C-D转折关系)。其中A、B可以明说,也可以分别由"即使C"、"也D"预设。蕴涵关系具体表现为因果关系或条件关系,让步关系表现为否定或偏离。转折关系是隐含的,来自对基于蕴涵关系的预期的背离。该句式的逻辑意义为:无论A还是C(=~A),都D(=B)。其中,D是语义焦点。"即使……也"还广泛用来连接主语与谓语或状语与中心语,其语义结构都一样。

The semantic structure of Jishi（即使）...Ye（也） may be described as follow： A, B; Jishi（即使）...Ye（也） D（A-B： implication relation; A-C： concessive relation; B-D： synonymous relation; C-D： adversative relation）.The A and B may be literally expressed, or presupposed by Jishi（即使）...Ye（也） D. The implication relation is embodied in a relation of causality or condition between A and B. The concessive relation is embodied in a negative or a deviation of C to A. The adversative relation is implicitly from a deviation from the expectation based on the implication relation. The logic significance of Jishi（即使）...Ye（也） is （--C→D）A （C-→D）, that is, regardless of -C or C （namely in any case）, there is D. Jishi（即使）...Ye（也） can not only connect clauses, but also widely connect subject and predicate or connect adverbial and head, in these case it always remain the same semantic structure.