中毒患者分类统计的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of poisoning patients through the classified statistics

目的：探讨急性中毒患者流行病学资料特点并分析原因,为今后开展急性中毒防治工作提供参考依据。方法：对全年所有就诊渭南中心医院的急性中毒患者入院时所提供的资料,包括姓名,年龄、性别、发生时间、患者来源、中毒物质名称等,进行统计描述分析。结果：2015年全年该院急诊科共接诊急性中毒患者963例,其中明确中毒病史的820例：酒精中毒（289例,35%）,男性构成比88%,20-50岁年龄阶段发生例数高于其他年龄段;一氧化碳中毒（236例,29%）,女性构成比65%,年长人群发生例数高于年轻人群,以1,2,11,12月发生例数明显高于其他月份,乡镇和农村发生例数构成比为67%;农药中毒（136例,17%）,全部农药中毒女性构成比54%,老年人以女性较多,青少年以男性较多,乡镇和农村构成比84%;药物中毒（119例,15%）,安眠药物中毒人数63例,女性构成比85%。结论：经分类统计描述可得出不同种类毒物各自的流行病学特点,在患者的年龄、性别、城乡差异,发生时间等方面进行统计描述后可得出各自的特点提示不同种类中毒防治工作重点应该区别对待。

Objective： To explore epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning patients and analyzed the reasons in order to provide a reference for prevention and treatment of acute poisoning in the future. Methods： The data of the acute poisoning patients in Weinan central hospital in a year were collected and statistically analyzed,including name,sex,age,poisoning exposure time,patient source,toxic substance name and the like. Results： There were 963 acute poisoning patients admitted in the hospital all the whole year of 2015,including 820 confirmed patients. Among these poisoning patients,alcoholic poisoning was the major cause and accounted for 35%（ n = 289）,wherein 88% were male,the 20-50 years age group had the highest incidence compared with other age groups.Carbon monoxide poisoning was the second one and accounted for 29%（ n = 236）,wherein 65% were female,the elder patients were more than the youngsters,the prevalence rates were relatively higher in January,February,November,and December,and the urban /rural areas ratio was 67%. Pesticide poisoning was the third cause and accounted for 17%（ n = 136）,wherein 54% were female,the proportion of female patients was relatively lower in the youngsters and higher in the elders,and the urban / rural areas ratio was 84%.Medicine poisoning was the fourth cause and accounted for 15%（ n- 119）,therein sedative poisoning occurred in 63 patients,and 85% were female. Conclusions： Through the classified statistics,the epidemiological characters of main kinds of poisoning were obtained from this statistical study. It instructed that the work of prevention and treatment for acute poisoning should emphasis on different aspects such as patient age,sex,urban-rural difference,poisoning time and so on.