基于合作博弈的组装供应链转移定价策略

Transfer Pricing Strategy in an Assembly Supply Chain Based on Cooperative Game Analysis

研究了由n个供应互补的原料产品的上游供应商和一个组装生产最终产品的下游组装商组成的集团公司内部的转移价格问题。其中下游组装商面临的是一个价格敏感型的需求。每个上游供应商可以独立决策其销售价格,并决定是否以谈判的价格出售原料产品给下游组装商。供应链系统内的所有供应商和组装商都可以自由决定彼此之间是否进行合作。结果表明,在大联盟结构下,供应链的利润是最高的。为了分配大联盟结构下供应链系统总的利润,本文构造了特征函数具有超模性质的合作博弈,并利用Shapley值分配方法给出了整个供应链系统内部的转移价格。

The transfer pricing decision for a integrated assembly system with n upstream suppners anu a dosn-stream assembler is considered, where the upstream suppliers sell n complementary components to a downstream assembler, then the downstream assembler sell products to the market. The downstream division faces a price-sensitive deterministic demand. The n upstream suppliers can independently determine their retail prices to the down-stream assembler, and decide whether or not they will sell to the downstream assembler at negotiated transfer prices. Each supplier and assembler have the freedom to decide whether to cooperate with each other. The results show that the profit of the assembly system is the highest in the grand coalition structure. To allocate the system-wide profit between upstream suppliers and downstream assembler, we construct a cooperative game, show the supermodular of the game, and then compute the Shapley value-based transfer prices for the assembly system.