张载哲学思想中的“有无”探析

The Analysis of the “Presentation and Existence” in the Philosophical Thoughts of Zhang Zai

张载哲学思想中的"有无"具有非常深刻的理论意涵,在其整个思想体系中占有重要的地位。而"有无"具有深刻的哲学意涵最早应当从老子始,老子思想中"有无"所体现出来的宇宙论和本体论的意涵是隐而不彰的,到了庄子那里,"无有"并在即是宇宙万物的本体了,魏晋时期"有无"思想的发展真正达到了最高峰,郭象提出的"独化论"在一定程度上完成了"有无"思想的最终逻辑演化。而张载的"有无"思想就吸收了新道家所发展的"有无"理论,将"有无"转化为"虚气",在新的理论背景下从而很好地完成了自己的"太虚即气"的宇宙本体论的构建。

The＂presentation＂and＂existence＂in Zhang Zai＇s philosophy has very profoundly theoretical meaning,and occupies important positionin the whole theoretical system.The profoundly philosophical connotation of＂presentation＂and＂existence＂has started from Lao Zi.The cosmology and ontology,which was represented in the＂presentation＂and＂existence＂in Lao Zi＇s thought,was obscure.Till Zhuang Zi,the coexistence of＂presentation＂and ＂existence＂was the noumenon of all things in cosmos.In Wei and Jin Dynasties,the development of ＂presentation＂and ＂existence＂thought＇did reach the peak.＂Coexistence and Independence＂,which was proposed by Guo Xiang,completed the final logical evolution in a certain extent.Zhang Zai＇s＂presentation＂and＂existence＂thought absorbed Neo Taoism＇s＂presentation＂and ＂existence＂theory,changing the＂presentation＂and ＂existence＂to ＂essence＂and ＂virtual gas＂,and completing the construction of his cosmology and ontology＂essence is virtual gas＂under the background of the new theory.