民族志和民族学概念的西方脉络及其历史遗产

The Conception of Ethnology and Ethnography:Western Context and Its Heritage

18世纪中期,民族志和民族学最初作为统一概念诞生于德国学界;19世纪,在其向全球扩散过程中分裂为以理论-经验形式相对立的两个概念,这种分裂关系的张力来源涉及概念本身对体质因素的包容以及对经验对象的异己区分。19世纪末至20世纪60年代,科学主义和诠释学方法论嵌入这一张力关系,一方面继承性地重构了分裂态势,另一方面激发了20世纪末致力于为这种张力关系提供根本释解的元理论和方法论尝试,民族学与民族志于这些尝试中重新融合并实现了其统一概念的再生产。民族学和民族志在西方世界的再生产逻辑为我国民族学和民族志研究超越理论-经验对立、平衡本土视野与他者目光、审视文化倾向过重的历史性偏离提供了历史参照。

The original idea of ethnology and ethnography,as a unified one,was formed by the German in the mid-18 th century. The dissemination of this concept throughout the world,a reproduction process in which a division for one and a half centuries is embedded,reveals the crucial role of the dynamic strain among the conceptual inclusivity of constitution characters,empirical discrimination towards the others and embedded methodological progress,from 1960 sto the end of 20 th century,towards scientific or hermeneutic reconstruction as its core reproductive logical agency.With the aim to build a ground on which the possible historical flaws embedded in Chinese and western ethnology could be corrected and to accomplish a legitimate membership of Chinese academia in the international academic communication,this paper argues that the reasonable applicability of the reproductive logic as western heritage in the discovery of the insights emerges from the Chinese context of ethnology and ethnography regarding the inborn dualism of theoretical and empirical research,the balance between indigenous horizon and others' view as well as the historical concept put an emphasis on the cultural meaning.