清内阁满蒙文合璧文书的形成流程、书写格式及语文特征

The Forming Process,Writing Format and Language Characteristics of Manchu-Mongolian Bilingual Documents in the Qing Dynasty Cabinet

清内阁满蒙文合璧文书,集中留存于清内阁蒙古堂档,包括蒙古地方的蒙古文来文及其满文译件、清朝皇帝颁给蒙古地方的满文敕谕及其蒙古文译件。其中,满蒙文合璧来文的形成流程是,蒙古使臣来京后先到理藩院递交信件,理藩院转送至内阁,由内阁译为满文,与原蒙古文一并进呈御览,奉出后抄录,存贮于内阁蒙古堂。内阁满蒙文敕谕的形成途径是,内阁先拟写颁给蒙古地方的满文、蒙古文敕谕并进呈御览,然后将其抄录,存贮于蒙古堂。蒙古文来文及其满文译件和清帝满文敕谕及其蒙古文译件,在书写格式上基本一致,依次为标题、抬头词、正文、礼单、文末用语、文书落款、文书处置记录,行文抬格较为普遍。满文文书因其文字和语法等方面的特征,对解读蒙古文文书构成了有益的参考。

The Manchu-Mongolian bilingual documents of the Qing Cabinet are contained in the archives of the Mongol House of the Qing Cabinet.They include received Mongolian documents and their Manchu translation from Mongol areas as well as Manchu edicts issued by the emperors of Qing Dynasty to the Mongols and their Mongolian translation.The forming process of the Manchu-Mongolian bilingual received documents is narrated below.The Mongol missions submitted the letters to Lifanyuan 理藩院 after their arriving in Beijing.Then,Lifanyuan sent these letters to the Cabinet where they were translated into Manchu and presented to the emperor with the original Mongolian version.After the emperor's reading,the letters were copied and stored in the Cabinet's Mongolian House.The forming process of the Manchu-Mongolian imperial edicts is as follows:First,the Cabinet drafted the Manchu and Mongolian edicts issued to Mongol areas and presented them to the emperor.Then these edicts were copied and kept in the Mongolian House.The writing format of the letters from Mongol areas and their Manchu translation was basically the same with that of the Manchu imperial edicts and their Mongolian translation,i.e.title,salutation,body,present list,complimentary close,signature and file management records.Highlighting the beginning of each paragraph is common for both versions. Manchu documents are helpful for interpreting Mongolian documents due to writing and grammatical characteristics of the former.